Helmfile: A Declarative Way to Deploy Helm Charts
The Key to Managing Your Kubernetes Applications
📔 Intro:
Kubernetes is a powerful tool for deploying and managing containerized applications. However, it can be complex to manage Kubernetes deployments manually. Helmfile is a tool that can help you simplify Kubernetes deployments by automating the process.
Helmfile
is a declarative tool that allows you to define the desired state of your Kubernetes deployments in a YAML file. Helmfile will then take care of the rest, ensuring that your deployments are always up-to-date and consistent.
In this blog post, we will show you how to set up your first Helmfile. We will also discuss the benefits of using Helmfile and how it can help you simplify Kubernetes deployments.
🐳 A Hands-On Introduction to Helmfile:
Helmfile is a declarative spec for deploying Helm charts. It lets you:
- Keep a directory of chart value files and maintain changes in version control.
- Apply CI/CD to configuration changes.
- Environmental chart promotion.
- Periodically sync to avoid skew in environments.
To avoid upgrades for each iteration of helm, the helmfile executable delegates to helm — as a result, helm must be installed.
All information is saved in the helmfile.yaml
file.
In case we need custom yamls, we’ll use kustomize.
If you want to follow my steps, you would need to install and configure:
☸️🔧Using Helmfile for Chart Deployment:
To deploy a new chart with Helmfile, follow these steps:
- Run
helmfile deps && helmfile diff
to ensure your existing charts are updated. If not, runhelmfile apply
. - Configure the release in
helmfile.yaml
by specifying:
name
: Deployment name.namespace
: Kubernetes namespace for deployment.chart
: Chart release.values
: Path to the values file you've created.
3. Create a directory with the name of the chart:
mkdir {{ chart_name }}
Copy the chart values into that directory:
helm inspect values {{ package_name }} > {{ chart_name }}/values.yaml
☑️ Edit the values.yaml
file based on the chart documentation. Take care with image version specifications; comment out any lines specifying docker image versions in the name, as upgrading the chart version without the image tag can disrupt the service.
☑️ Update the lock file by running helmfile deps
.
☑️ Check the changes with helmfile diff
.
☑️ Apply the changes using helmfile apply
.
⬇️ Ensuring Up-to-Date Charts:
Keeping your charts updated using helmfile is straightforward without the use of environments. Simply follow these steps:
- Run
helmfile deps
to update dependencies. - Use
helmfile diff
to check for differences. - Apply changes with
helmfile apply
.
However, complexity arises when employing environments to enhance code reusability and minimize repetition. In such scenarios, careful planning and strategy are required to effectively manage chart updates.
As of today, helmfile doesn’t support lock files per environment, that means that the lock file needs to be shared by all of them. At a first sight this is a good idea, because it forces us to have the same versions of the charts in all the environments.
The problem comes when you want to upgrade the charts of staging, test that they work and then apply the same changes in production. You’d start the process by running helmfile deps
, which will read the helmfiles and update the lock file to the latest version. From this point on you need to be careful on executing the next steps in order so as not to break production.
Run helmfile --environment=staging diff
to review the changes to be introduced.
To be able to see the differences of long diff files, you can filter it with egrep
.
helmfile diff | egrep -A20 -B20 "^.{5}(\-|\+)"
It will show you all the changed lines with the 20 previous and next ones. * Once you agree on them, run helmfile --environment=staging apply
to apply them. * Check that all the helm deployments are well deployed with helm list -A | grep -v deployed
* Wait 20 minutes to see if the monitoring system or your fellow partners start yelling at you. * If something breaks up, try to fix it up, if you see it's going to delay you to the point that you're not going to be able to finish the upgrade in your working day, it's better to revert back to the working version of that chart and move on with the next steps.
⚙️ Uninstalling Charts:
When it comes to removing charts with Helmfile, please note that charts won’t be automatically removed by simply excluding them from your helmfile.yaml
. To uninstall them, consider these options:
- Set
installed: false
in the release candidate and then runhelmfile apply
. - Alternatively, delete the release definition from your
helmfile.yaml
and use regular Helm commands to remove it.
Choosing the right approach depends on your specific needs and workflows.
📂 Multi-environment project structure
helmfile
can handle environments with many different project structures. Such as the next one:
├── README.md
├── helmfile.yaml
├── vars
│ ├── production_secrets.yaml
│ ├── production_values.yaml
│ ├── default_secrets.yaml
│ └── default_values.yaml
├── charts
│ ├── local_defined_chart_1
│ └── local_defined_chart_2
├── templates
│ ├── environments.yaml
│ └── templates.yaml
├── base
│ ├── README.md
│ ├── helmfile.yaml
│ ├── helmfile.lock
│ ├── repos.yaml
│ ├── chart_1
│ │ ├── secrets.yaml
│ │ ├── values.yaml
│ │ ├── production_secrets.yaml
│ │ ├── production_values.yaml
│ │ ├── default_secrets.yaml
│ │ └── default_values.yaml
│ └── chart_2
│ ├── secrets.yaml
│ ├── values.yaml
│ ├── production_secrets.yaml
│ ├── production_values.yaml
│ ├── default_secrets.yaml
│ └── default_values.yaml
└── service_1
├── README.md
├── helmfile.yaml
├── helmfile.lock
├── repos.yaml
├── chart_1
│ ├── secrets.yaml
│ ├── values.yaml
│ ├── production_secrets.yaml
│ ├── production_values.yaml
│ ├── default_secrets.yaml
│ └── default_values.yaml
└── chart_2
├── secrets.yaml
├── values.yaml
├── production_secrets.yaml
├── production_values.yaml
├── default_secrets.yaml
└── default_values.yaml
Where:
- There is a general
README.md
that introduces the repository. - Optionally there could be a
helmfile.yaml
file at the root with a glob pattern so that it's easy to run commands on all children helmfiles.
helmfiles:
- ./*/helmfile.yaml
- * There is a
vars
directory to store the variables and secrets shared by the charts that belong to different services. * There is atemplates
directory to store the helmfile code to reuse through templates and layering. * The project structure is defined by the services hosted in the Kubernetes cluster. Each service contains: - A
README.md
to document the service implementation. - A
helmfile.yaml
file to configure the service charts. - A
helmfile.lock
to lock the versions of the service charts. - A
repos.yaml
to define the repositories to fetch the charts from. - One or more chart directories that contain the environment specific and shared chart values and secrets.
- There is a
base
service that manages all the charts required to keep the cluster running, such as the ingress, csi, cni or the cluster-autoscaler.
⚑ Using helmfile environments:
To customize the contents of a helmfile.yaml
or values.yaml
file per environment, add them under the environments
key in the helmfile.yaml
:
environments:
default:
production:
The environment name defaults to default
, that is, helmfile sync
implies the default
environment. So it's a good idea to use staging as default
to be more robust against human errors. If you want to specify a non-default environment, provide a --environment NAME
flag to helmfile like helmfile --environment production sync
.
In the environments
definition we'll load the values and secrets from the vars
directory with the next snippet.
environments:
default:
secrets:
- ../vars/default_secrets.yaml
values:
- ../vars/default_values.yaml
production:
secrets:
- ../vars/production_secrets.yaml
values:
- ../vars/production_values.yaml
As this snippet is going to be repeated on every helmfile.yaml
we'll use a state layering for it.
To install a release only in one environment use:
environments:
default:
production:
---
releases:
- name: newrelic-agent
installed: {{ eq .Environment.Name "production" | toYaml }}
# snip
⚑ Using environment specific variables:
Environment Values allows you to inject a set of values specific to the selected environment, into values.yaml
templates or helmfile.yaml
files. Use it to inject common values from the environment to multiple values files, to make your configuration DRY.
Suppose you have three files helmfile.yaml
, production.yaml
and values.yaml.gotmpl
helmfile.yaml:
environments:
production:
values:
- production.yaml
---
releases:
- name: myapp
values:
- values.yaml.gotmpl
production.yaml:
domain: prod.example.com
values.yaml.gotmpl:
domain: {{ .Values | get "domain" "dev.example.com" }}
⚑ Loading Chart Configurations and Secrets:
To load secrets and values for each chart definition in the helmfile.yaml
, follow these steps:
For instance, using the following snippet:
- name: chart_1
values:
- ./chart_1/values.yaml
- ./chart_1/{{ Environment.Name }}_values.yaml
secrets:
- ./chart_1/secrets.yaml
- ./chart_1/{{ Environment.Name }}_secrets.yaml
This snippet demonstrates how to properly load configurations and secrets for your chart definitions. By including this information, you ensure that your charts are set up effectively and securely based on your specific environment’s requirements.
This assumes that the environment
variable is set, as it's going to be shared by all the helmfiles.yaml
you can add it to the vars
files:
vars/production_values.yaml:
environment: production
vars/default_values.yaml:
environment: staging
Instead of .Environment.Name
, in theory you could have used .Vars | get "environment"
, which could have prevented the variables and secrets of the default environment will need to be called default_values.yaml
, and default_secrets.yaml
, which is misleading. But you can't use .Values
in the helmfile.yaml
as it's not loaded when the file is parsed, and you get an error. A solution would be to layer the helmfile state files.
⚑ Using release templates
For each chart in a helmfile.yaml
we're going to repeat the values
and secrets
sections, to avoid it, we can use release templates:
templates:
default: &default
# This prevents helmfile exiting when it encounters a missing file
# Valid values are "Error", "Warn", "Info", "Debug". The default is "Error"
# Use "Debug" to make missing files errors invisible at the default log level(--log-level=INFO)
missingFileHandler: Warn
values:
- {{`{{ .Release.Name }}`}}/values.yaml
- {{`{{ .Release.Name }}`}}/{{`{{ .Values | get "environment" }}`}}.yaml
secrets:
- config/{{`{{ .Release.Name }}`}}/secrets.yaml
- config/{{`{{ .Release.Name }}`}}/{{`{{ .Values | get "environment" }}`}}-secrets.yaml
releases:
- name: chart_1
chart: stable/chart_1
<<: *default
- name: chart_2
chart: stable/chart_2
<<: *default
If you’re not familiar with YAML anchors, &default
names the block, then *default
references it. The <<:
syntax says to "extend" (merge) that reference into the current tree.
The missingFileHandler: Warn
field is necessary if you don't need all the values and secret files, but want to use the same definition for all charts.
{{` {{ .Release.Name }} `}}
is surrounded by{{`
and}}`
so as not to be executed on the loading time ofhelmfile.yaml
. We need to defer it until each release is actually processed by thehelmfile
command, such asdiff
orapply
.
🏭 Layering the state:
You may occasionally end up with many helmfiles that shares common parts like which repositories to use, and which release to be bundled by default.
Use Layering to extract the common parts into a dedicated library helmfiles, so that each helmfile becomes DRY.
Let’s assume that your code looks like:
helmfile.yaml
bases:
- environments.yaml
releases:
- name: metricbeat
chart: stable/metricbeat
- name: myapp
chart: mychart
Finally the resulting YAML documents are merged in the order of occurrence, so that your helmfile.yaml
becomes:
environments:
development:
production:
releases:
- name: metricbeat
chart: stable/metricbeat
- name: myapp
chart: mychart
Using this concept, we can reuse the environments section as:
vars/environments.yaml
environments:
default:
secrets:
- ../vars/staging-secrets.yaml
values:
- ../vars/staging-values.yaml
production:
secrets:
- ../vars/production-secrets.yaml
values:
- ../vars/production-values.yaml
And the default release templates as:
templates/templates.yaml
templates:
default: &default
values:
- {{`{{ .Release.Name }}`}}/values.yaml
- {{`{{ .Release.Name }}`}}/{{`{{ .Values | get "environment" }}`}}.yaml
secrets:
- config/{{`{{ .Release.Name }}`}}/secrets.yaml
- config/{{`{{ .Release.Name }}`}}/{{`{{ .Values | get "environment" }}`}}-secrets.yaml
So the service’s helmfile.yaml
turns out to be:
bases:
- ../templates/environments.yaml
- ../templates/templates.yaml
releases:
- name: chart_1
chart: stable/chart_1
<<: *default
- name: chart_2
chart: stable/chart_2
<<: *default
Much shorter and simple.
Keep learning 👩💻👨💻
If you liked Helmfile, take some time to go through its Github repo, as you will better understand all the advanced features and options to customize releases and Helm behavior, as well as how to structure your Helmfile repository.
Remember that the example presented in this article is just one way of organizing Helmfiles, you can give it a try and organize them as it better suit your needs: placing all releases and configuration in just one file, one file per release, etc. If you want to know more about how to organize your Helmfiles, you can give a look to the Helmfile best practices guide.
Conclusion:
Helmfile offers a streamlined and declarative approach to deploying Helm charts within Kubernetes environments. By providing a structured and version-controlled method for managing applications, Helmfile empowers teams to orchestrate complex deployments with confidence. With its ability to define charts, values, and environments, Helmfile becomes the key to unlocking efficient Kubernetes application management. Embrace Helmfile to simplify deployment workflows, enhance reproducibility, and ultimately achieve greater control over your Kubernetes ecosystem. Streamline your application deployment journey today with the power of Helmfile.
I hope this post gave you a better understanding of how to manage application secrets.
Thank you for Reading !! 🙌🏻😁📃, see you in the next blog.🤘
🚀 Feel free to connect with me :
♻️ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rajhi-saif/
♻️ Twitter : https://twitter.com/rajhisaifeddine
The end ✌🏻